凯发k8国际官网首页登录|浅谈国内风力发电现状

2024-09-25 12:06:42 来源于:凯发国际天生赢家-一触即发

  伴随着中国风电行业市场的不断开拓▪□★■,电网建设的逐步完善以及风力发电技术的不断进步▲○☆▽,中国风电企业也在不断发展壮大★▽●。2018年以来●…◁,国家先后发布了《关于2018年度风电建设管理有关要求的通知》及《关于积极推进电力市场化交易进一步完善交易机制的通知》◆▼-□,明确未来新增核准的集中式陆上风电项目和海上风电项目应全部通过竞争方式配置和确定上网电价●○○■,并要求各地进一步加快推进电力体制改革•◆,大幅提高风电◇◁◆=▷、太阳能发电等可再生能源市场化交易电量规模●▪◆★▽。

  2000年之前◁●○•,中国风电市场风机制造商以外企为主★■▷。2001年之后▲▲◁□▷,逐渐过渡到国内企业为主▷▲▽,国内企业市场份额逐步增加▽●•■□,到2016年◇▪◁▲☆◁,中国风电有新增装机的开发商企业超100家-▪=◆,前十家装机容量超过1300万千瓦◇=•▪△,占比达到58.8%☆▼■•。国内风电整机制造企业市场占有率为94.80%▼•○,外企仅为5.20%-▷•☆▷。到了2019年底=□▼○-,全球已安装的陆上和海上风电装机容量650GW中☆===…▽,三分之一以上由前15名风电资产所有者或运营商掌握○●•△。这15家风电企业○=,其中有七家来自中国◆○△●◇•。

  大型整机制造商在技术设备••、成本控制及资金实力等方面业已具备规模优势…▲★◁,未来上业的进一步整合将成为发展趋势■★,亦会对风力发电行业的发展起到正向的推动作用○•●=。可以看出风力发电在未来仍具有广阔的发展前景☆▷■。

  2013年至2016年期间•●▽=▷,风电整机制造企业的市场份额逐渐趋于集中□•■▷▽▪。行业集中度的提高带来行业优质资源的集中▼▷○△▲,呈现头部效应-◇☆,一定程度加剧了头部市场参与者之间的竞争▪▪;同时▷•▽★…,市场头部参与者对上游供应商的议价能力▷•☆-☆△、对下游客户的综合服务能力都将得到提升★-•△□▲。

  我国海上风电开工建设规模目标为1000万千瓦▽◇●-,到2020年○★,中国海上风电装机容量在10年间增长了45倍▪△…○,其中-■▲○◇,累计并网容量目标为500万千瓦以上…△。

  我国海上风电技术可开发量较大•◁◁,2019年新增装机容量更是位居世界第一•□▼-…。5-50米水深▲▷-•、70米高度可开发量约为5亿千瓦★▲-▽。海上风电也成了风力发电的重头戏凯发k8国际官网首页登录■▲。5-25米水深凯发k8国际官网首页登录○◇●◇、50米高度可开发容量约为2亿千瓦▪=▽,但随着陆地资源逐渐紧缺的情况愈加严重●•◁▽,以上政策能看出国家对于陆上风力发电的大力扶持与重视■…★▼▽◁,江苏-○=、浙江…▼、福建◇…▲•、广东等省的海上风电建设规模均要达到百万千瓦以上◇●◁-。

  我国风电经过了近年来规模化的发展▷■,风电新增装机容量稳居世界第一▼▼■。截止2019年底●□●•▽,全国风电累计装机达到2.1亿千瓦▼•◇▼•,其中陆上风电超过2亿千瓦••■○□=。通过国家的积极的引导○•▲,以及中东南部地方政府的政策支持•▪■★▲◆,加上我国-▽◇◁“三北●◆”地区的弃风限电因素▷○□▽,新增陆上风电逐渐向土地资源较为紧张■▽■△○◁、环境容量有限的中东南部转移••▽■△。具体表现为▪•…☆:1)项目核准主要集中在中东部与南部地区■□…▪;2)中东部与南部地区上网电价下调幅度较低▪◁■▽★◇,以吸引地区的风电投资▽△◁☆-●;3)《风电发展•▪●•□“十三五◆△▼▷▷◇”规划》明确提出◁▽○◁,到2020年…•▲,中东部和南方地区陆上风电新增并网装机容量4200万千瓦以上☆◇★▽…□,累计并网装机容量达到7000万千瓦以上○○▪。

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